![]() ![]() Among these different categories, piezoresistive sensors have gained significant interest due to the relatively simple read-out systems, high sensitivity and low-frequency capability. Respiratory sensors can be categorized, according to the sensing mechanisms, into piezoresistive, triboelectric, piezoelectric and capacitive. Contact-based techniques cover a wide range of solutions, while contactless methods are used in measurement circumstances where unobtrusive approaches are a prerequisite.ĭuring the last decade, many researchers made great efforts to develop respiratory sensors for measuring respiratory rates. laser vibrometry or radar sensors) and camera-based body movement detection. thermal cameras), chest wall movements (e.g. using microphones), air temperature (e.g. Contactless-based techniques include environmental respiratory sounds (e.g. Contact-based methods for measuring respiratory rate are classified according to measuring methods into airflow, air temperature, breathing sound, air humidity, respiratory-induced torso movements and air component. Therefore, monitoring respiratory rate has received considerable attention among scientists to develop contactless-based techniques or contact-based methods with consideration of some important characteristics including size, cost, sensitivity to body motion artefacts, influence of environmental factors, presence of wire, measurement intrusiveness and real-time monitoring. Studies have demonstrated measuring respiratory rate, in some cases, is more vital than heart pulse and blood pressure to distinguish high-risk patient groups. The early recognition of respiratory dysfunctions enables doctors to diagnose such diseases. Monitoring respiratory rate is vital to distinguish physical conditions of those suffering from respiratory disorders, such as bronchitis, heart disease, sleep apnoea syndrome and hyperpyrexia. The potential application of the VGNs/PDMS airflow sensor in detecting the respiration pattern of human exercises like walking, jogging and running has been demonstrated. By comparing the proposed sensor and some other airflow sensors in the literature, it is concluded that the VGNs/PDMS airflow sensor has excellent features in terms of sensor height, detection range and sensitivity. Laser Doppler vibrometry measures of sensor tip displacement closely approximated simulated deflection results and validated the dynamic response of the sensor. The piezoresistive properties of VGNs/PDMS thin film and fluid–solid interaction were thoroughly studied. To evaluate the experimental results, finite-element simulation models were developed in the COMSOL Multiphysics package. The sensing performance of the VGNs/PDMS nanocomposite was characterized by exposing to a range of airflow rates (20–130 l min −1), and a linear performance with high sensitivity and low response time (mostly below 1 s) was observed. Herein, we have developed a polymeric airflow sensor based on nanocomposites of vertically grown graphene nanosheets (VGNs) with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and explored their applications in monitoring human respiration. sleep apnoea syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, etc. Monitoring human respiratory patterns is of great importance as it gives essential information for various medical conditions, e.g. ![]()
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